A raft foundation (or mat foundation) is a large, continuous concrete slab covering the entire footprint of a building, designed to spread the structure’s load evenly over a wide area, making it ideal for weak, unstable, or waterlogged soils where traditional footings would fail.
It acts like a single, massive footing, reducing soil stress and minimizing differential settlement for high-load or multi-story buildings by providing rigidity and distributing weight across the whole area.